{"id":3384,"date":"2020-01-15T10:10:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T10:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2021-07-24T14:00:42","modified_gmt":"2021-07-24T19:00:42","slug":"overcoming-hiv-latency-may-cure-aids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/overcoming-hiv-latency-may-cure-aids\/","title":{"rendered":"Overcoming HIV Latency may cure AIDS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

AIDS is a life-threatening disease affecting 38 million people\nworldwide. Currently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the only therapeutic way\nto suppress HIV in blood. But, HIV still persists in the blood in the dormant\nform and latently infects the CD+4 T cells. As it cannot be recognized by the immune\nsystem, there is no therapeutic way to eliminate them. ART is not the permanent\ncure for AIDS as the reservoir of latent HIV always persists in the body,\ncreating an obstacle in treatment\/therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scientists and researchers from the University of Now, scientists from\nthe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Emory University used a\ncompound known as AZD5582 to activate the CD+4 T cells in the body with no\ntoxicity. The work published in Journal Nature<\/em>\nprovides experimental, investigational findings in animal models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Previously, no one had successfully tested a latency reversal\nmolecule in humans or in an animal model with human cells demonstrating\nsystemic HIV induction in peripheral blood, in resting CD4+ T cells from\nmultiple tissues, and then replicated this success in a completely different\nspecies infected with a different virus,” said co-senior author J. Victor\nGarcia, Ph.D., director of the International Center for the Advancement of\nTranslational Science, professor of medicine and microbiology & immunology\nat the UNC School of Medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Researchers suggested the theory of \u201cShock and kill,\u201d which provides an increased\nexpression of viral genes (shock) and killed by other immune cells (kill) after\nbeing recognized by the immune system. The first study by Nixon et al.<\/em> focused on novel drug molecule, IAP inhibitor called\nAZD5582, which activates a latent reservoir of viral cells by triggering the\ntranscription factor NF-\u03baB- an instigator of HIV gene expression. The experimental\nstudy was conducted on \u201cHumanized\u201d animal models taken (mice and monkeys). Both\nanimal groups were already receiving an \u201cAntiretroviral therapy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Two approaches to reactivating dormant HIV-1. HIV-1 can integrate into the genome of CD4+ T cells in a latent form \u2014 it is not transcribed into messenger RNA and so is not detected by the body\u2019s immune system. Two papers describe \u2018shock\u2019 treatments that can reactivate transcription of latent HIV in mice and the related virus SIV in monkeys. Nixon et al. used a drug called AZD5582 to activate the non-canonical NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, which stimulates virus transcription. McBrien et al. used two interventions \u2014 a drug called N-803 to stimulate the protein IL-15, which promotes transcription, and an antibody treatment that depletes immune cells called CD8+ T cells, which seem to have a role in dampening HIV transcription. After these shock treatments have reactivated the virus, interventions that target and kill the virus-carrying CD4+ T cells should help to eliminate the latent viral reservoir. Such therapies remain to be designed. (Source)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the second study, McBrien et al.<\/em> utilizes the combination of depletion of CD+8 T cells by antibiotic mediation and then con-currently administered a drug called N-803 to activate strongly, an IL-15 (Interleukin-15), which triggers HIV gene expression. This combined immunogenic intervention provided the synergistic effect and proved to be the best strategy for HIV therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Patent application No. WO2019246520A1<\/a>, filed by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, discloses novel methods to cure HIV. In particular, amino bisphosphonates are disclosed as latency-reversing agents (LRAs), and methods to cure HIV by administering to a subject a combination of bisphosphonates and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are provided. In some embodiments, these interventions may be combined with other latency-reversing agents, e.g., histone deacetylase (HD AC) inhibitors, and other immunotherapeutics for HIV clearance (e.g., broadly HIV -neutralizing antibodies). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AIDS is a life-threatening disease affecting 38 million people worldwide. Currently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the only therapeutic way to suppress HIV in blood. But, HIV still persists in the blood in the dormant form and latently infects the CD+4 T cells. As it cannot be recognized by the immune system, there is no therapeutic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[369,30,44],"class_list":["post-3384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-from-the-greatest","tag-cells","tag-patent","tag-patent-application"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3384"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.citiusminds.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}